5:45 a.m.: Hijackers Mohamed Atta and
Abdul Aziz al-Omari board a flight at Portland International Jetport in
Maine, later connecting to American Airlines Flight 11 at Boston Logan
International Airport.Ads by scrollerads.com
7:49 a.m.: Flight 11 takes off.
8:15 a.m.: United Airlines Flight 175 takes off from Boston, bound for Los Angeles.
8:20 a.m.: American Airlines Flight 77 takes off from Washington Dulles International Airport.
8:24 a.m.: Atta broadcasts a message to air traffic control, “We have some planes. Just stay quiet and you will be okay.” The
captain of Flight 175, United Airlines pilot Victor J. Saracini, picks
up Atta’s transmission from Flight 11 and informs the Federal Aviation
Administration.
8:37 a.m.: Boston’s air traffic control
center alerts the Air Force’s Northeast Air Defense Sector to Atta’s
message. Air National Guard jets are mobilized to follow Flight 11.
8:42 a.m.: United Airlines Flight 93 takes off from Newark International Airport.
8:46 a.m.: Flight 11 crashes into floors 93 through 99 of the north tower of the World Trade Center. Responders mobilize.
8:50 a.m.: President George W. Bush is notified of the attacks while visiting an elementary school in Florida.
8:52 a.m.: A flight attendant on Flight 175 informs a United Airlines operator that the flight has been hijacked.
8:59 a.m.: Port Authority Police Department Sergeant Al Devona orders the twin towers to be evacuated.
9:03 a.m.: United Airlines Flight 175 crashes into floors 77 through 85 of the south tower of the World Trade Center.
9:05 a.m.: Bush is informed a second plane hit the south tower.
9:12 a.m.: Passengers on Flight 77 call their loved ones to tell them the plane was hijacked.
9:37 a.m.: American Airlines Flight 77 crashes into the Pentagon.
9:42 a.m.: The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) grounds all flights.
9:45 a.m.: The White House and Capitol are evacuated.
9:58 a.m.: Flight 93 passenger Edward P. Felt uses his cell phone to dial 9-1-1 and inform emergency operators of the hijacking.
9:59 a.m.: The south tower collapses.
10:03
a.m.: Passengers on United Airlines Flight 93 attack the hijackers
aboard their plane in an attempt to seize control. The hijackers crash
the plane into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania.
10:15 a.m.: The Pentagon’s E Ring collapses.
10:28 a.m.: The north tower collapses.
11:02 a.m.: New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani orders the evacuation of Lower Manhattan.
12:16 p.m.: United States airspace is closed.
12:30 p.m.: A group of survivors is found in the lower section of the North Tower’s stairwell B.Related Stories
5:20 p.m.: The building at 7 World Trade Center collapses
Martin Luther King’s I have a dream speech August 28 1963
I am happy to join with you today in what will go
down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our
nation.
Five
score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today,
signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great
beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the
flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long
night of captivity.
But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free.
One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the
manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years
later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast
ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still
languished in the corners of American society and finds himself in exile in his
own land. So we have come here today to dramatize an shameful condition.
In a sense we’ve come to our nation’s Capital to cash a
check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the
Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a
promissory note to which every American was to fall heir.
This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well
as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and
the pursuit of happiness.
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this
promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of
honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad
check; a check which has come back marked “insufficient funds.”
But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is
bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great
vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this check- a
check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of
justice.
We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of
the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling
off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism.
Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now
is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the
sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the
quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the
time to make justice a reality for all of God’s children.
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of
the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro’s legitimate discontent will
not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality.
Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the
Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be neither rest
nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights.
The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation
until the bright day of justice emerges.
But there is something that I must say to my people who
stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the
process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds.
Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of
bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane
of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate
into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of
meeting physical force with soul force.
The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro
community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our
white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize
that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize
that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone.
And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march
ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of
civil rights, “When will you be satisfied?”
We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim
of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality.
We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with
the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and
the hotels of the cities.
We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro’s basic mobility
is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one.
We can never be satisfied as long as our chlidren are
stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating
“for whites only.”
We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi
cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote.
No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied
until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of
great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail
cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you
battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police
brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work
with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.
Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South
Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and
ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and
will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair.
I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the
difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply
rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and
live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be
self-evident; that all men are created equal.”
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the
sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit
down together at the table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a
state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of
oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day
live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but
by the content of their character.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its
vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of
interposition and nullification, that one day right down in Alabama little
black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys
and white girls as sisters and brothers.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exhalted,
every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain,
and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall
be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope. This is the faith that I will go back to
the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of
despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the
jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood.
With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray
together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom
together, knowing that we will be free one day.
This will be the day when all of God’s children will be able
to sing with new meaning, “My country ’tis of thee, sweet land of liberty,
of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrims’ pride, from
every mountainside, let freedom ring.”
And if America is to be a great nation, this must become
true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let
freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the
heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.
Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. But not only that;
let freedom ring from the Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from
Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of
Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring, when
we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every
city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black
men and white men, Jews and gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able
to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, “Free at
last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!”
Whereas, on the twenty-second day of September, in the year
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, a proclamation was issued
by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the
following, to wit:
“That on the first day of January, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves
within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then
be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and
forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the
military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom
of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of
them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.
“That the Executive will, on the first day of January
aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any,
in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against
the United States; and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on
that day be, in good faith, represented in the Congress of the United States by
members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters
of such State shall have participated, shall, in the absence of strong
countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State, and
the people thereof, are not then in rebellion against the United States.”
Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United
States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army
and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the
authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war
measure for suppressing said rebellion, do, on this first day of January, in the
year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and in accordance
with my purpose so to do publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred
days, from the day first above mentioned, order and designate as the States and
parts of States wherein the people thereof respectively, are this day in
rebellion against the United States, the following, to wit:
Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, (except the Parishes of St.
Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James Ascension,
Assumption, Terrebonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including
the City of New Orleans) Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South
Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, (except the forty-eight counties
designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkley, Accomac,
Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including the
cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth[)], and which excepted parts, are for the
present, left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.
And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I
do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated
States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free; and that the
Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval
authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.
And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free
to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence; and I recommend
to them that, in all cases when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable
wages.
And I further declare and make known, that such persons of
suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United
States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man
vessels of all sorts in said service.
And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of
justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the
considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused
the seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the City of Washington, this first day of January,
in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty three, and of the
Independence of the United States of America the eighty-seventh.
By the President: ABRAHAM LINCOLN
WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody
civil war. The proclamation declared “that all persons held as slaves”
within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free.”
Despite this expansive wording, the Emancipation Proclamation was
limited in many ways. It applied only to states that had seceded from
the United States, leaving slavery untouched in the loyal border states.
It also expressly exempted parts of the Confederacy (the Southern
secessionist states) that had already come under Northern control. Most
important, the freedom it promised depended upon Union (United States)
military victory.
Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery in the
nation, it captured the hearts and imagination of millions of Americans
and fundamentally transformed the character of the war. After January 1,
1863, every advance of federal troops expanded the domain of freedom.
Moreover, the Proclamation announced the acceptance of black men into
the Union Army and Navy, enabling the liberated to become liberators. By
the end of the war, almost 200,000 black soldiers and sailors had
fought for the Union and freedom.
From the first days of the Civil War, slaves had acted to secure
their own liberty. The Emancipation Proclamation confirmed their
insistence that the war for the Union must become a war for freedom. It
added moral force to the Union cause and strengthened the Union both
militarily and politically. As a milestone along the road to slavery’s
final destruction, the Emancipation Proclamation has assumed a place
among the great documents of human freedom.
The original of the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, is
in the National Archives in Washington, DC. With the text covering five
pages the document was originally tied with narrow red and blue ribbons,
which were attached to the signature page by a wafered impression of
the seal of the United States. Most of the ribbon remains; parts of the
seal are still decipherable, but other parts have worn off.
The document was bound with other proclamations in a large volume
preserved for many years by the Department of State. When it was
prepared for binding, it was reinforced with strips along the center
folds and then mounted on a still larger sheet of heavy paper. Written
in red ink on the upper right-hand corner of this large sheet is the
number of the Proclamation, 95, given to it by the Department of State
long after it was signed. With other records, the volume containing the
Emancipation Proclamation was transferred in 1936 from the Department of
State to the National Archives of the United States.
This is the final version of the text. Some phrases are different in
the first drafts. These are indicated as a link to the first draft. There you
can read the original wording.
When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one
people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with
another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate
and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God
entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that
they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be
self-evident, that all men are created
equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable
rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men,
deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That
whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is
the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new
government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its
powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their
safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments
long established should not be changed for light and transient causes;
and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more
disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by
abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long
train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object
evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their
right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new
guards for their future security. —
Such has been the patient sufferance of these
colonies; and such is now
the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of
government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history
of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the
establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To prove this, let
facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary
for the public good.
He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and
pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent
should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to
attend to them.
He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large
districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of
representation in the legislature, a right inestimable to them and
formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable,
and distant from the depository of their public records, for the
sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with
manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused for a long time, after such
dissolutions, to cause others
to be elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation,
have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the state
remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from
without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that
purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing
to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the
conditions of new appropriations of lands.
He has obstructed the administration of
justice, by refusing his assent
to laws for establishing judiciary powers.
He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of
their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of new
offices, and sent hither swarms of
officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace,
standing armies without the
consent of our legislature.
He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to
civil power.
He has combined with others to subject
us to a jurisdiction foreign to
our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to
their acts of pretended legislation:
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them, by mock trial, from punishment for any murders
which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states:
For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing taxes on us without our consent:
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury:
For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses:
For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring
province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging
its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for
introducing the same absolute rule in these colonies:
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burned our towns,
and destroyed the lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting
large armies of foreign mercenaries to
complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun
with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the
most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized
nation.
He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas
to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their
friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.
In every stage of these oppressions we have
petitioned for redress in
the most humble terms: our repeated petitions have been answered
only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by
every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free
people.
Nor have we been wanting in attention to our
British brethren. We
have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to
extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them
of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have
appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have
conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these
usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and
correspondence. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which
denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of
mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends.
We, therefore, the representatives of the United
States of America, in
General Congress, assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the
world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the
authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and
declare, that these united colonies are, and of right ought to be free and
independent states; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the
British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the
state of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as
free and independent states, they have full power to levy war, conclude
peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts
and things which independent states may of right do. And for the support
of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine
Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes
and our sacred honor.
JOHN HANCOCK, President
Attested, CHARLES THOMSON, Secretary New Hampshire JOSIAH BARTLETT WILLIAM WHIPPLE MATTHEW THORNTON Massachusetts-Bay SAMUEL ADAMS JOHN ADAMS ROBERT TREAT PAINE ELBRIDGE GERRY Rhode Island STEPHEN HOPKINS WILLIAM ELLERY Connecticut ROGER SHERMAN SAMUEL HUNTINGTON WILLIAM WILLIAMS OLIVER WOLCOTT Georgia BUTTON GWINNETT LYMAN HALL GEO. WALTON Maryland SAMUEL CHASE WILLIAM PACA THOMAS STONE CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON Virginia GEORGE WYTHE RICHARD HENRY LEE THOMAS JEFFERSON BENJAMIN HARRISON THOMAS NELSON, JR. FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE CARTER BRAXTON. New York WILLIAM FLOYD PHILIP LIVINGSTON FRANCIS LEWIS LEWIS MORRIS Pennsylvania ROBERT MORRIS BENJAMIN RUSH BENJAMIN FRANKLIN JOHN MORTON GEORGE CLYMER JAMES SMITH GEORGE TAYLOR JAMES WILSON GEORGE ROSS Delaware CAESAR RODNEY GEORGE READ THOMAS M’KEAN North Carolina WILLIAM HOOPER JOSEPH HEWES JOHN PENN South Carolina EDWARD RUTLEDGE THOMAS HEYWARD, JR. THOMAS LYNCH, JR. ARTHUR MIDDLETON New Jersey RICHARD STOCKTON JOHN WITHERSPOON FRANCIS HOPKINS JOHN HART ABRAHAM CLARK
Please visit one of my stores and purchase an item, if you like. Eighty (80 Percent) will be given directly to The Challenge Hope and Rescue Historic Preservation Mission, Inc.
Teaching Houses Goal is to establish 1 teaching/learning center house in each section or subsection of Washington DC depicting early development and civilization, impacts, goals of the community, and recognizing the areas prominent and distinguished members of the community which helped mold family values, contributed positively to the development of the young people, achievements in sports, equality, de-segregation, unity, honor and positive development. Concentration-Social Impact-Community Impact. The Initial Project will begin with the Sylvester R “Sal” Hall House, Duplex House, Deanwood Washington DC. The Sylvester R Hall house is noted in the Cultural Tourism of Washington DC’s African American History. This home is located in the Deanwood area.http://www.challengehopeandrescue.com/
LORD our Father, Praises to Your Holy Name! We come to you through Jesus Christ in worship and in praise, I thank you Lord for your Guiding Light, your Tender Mercies, and Your Grace, for your Angels Wings and Healing Hands, your Love for us Abound. I praise you Father, with all my heart, my spirit and my soul, for Blessings for My Dearest friend, of many years of old. Thank you Father for Providing her with a new Kidney to save her life, I praise you Father for Your Hands in wondrous might, for her healing. Thank You Lord for working through all the doctors, nurses, aides, and care persons which guided her for healing, and will continue to guide her through her healing process. Your Strength and Mighty Wisdom above all in decision. Thank You Father for my friend, for continued healing, and strength in her body. I Praise you Father for You are the Most High, You can do Anything but fail. My Love, devotion and dedication to You, I am fully and totally beholden. In Jesus’ name Amen and Amen! Thank You Jesus, Thank You God!
When They Go Down-We Go Up-Rise Up 